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Pinus heldreichii
''Pinus heldreichii'' (synonym ''P. leucodermis''; family Pinaceae), or Bosnian pine, is a species of pine native to mountainous areas of the Balkans and southern Italy.〔Coniferous forests; Folke Andersson; 2005; (p.138 )〕 It can be found in the mountains of Bosnia, southwestern Bulgaria, Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, northern Greece (Valia Kalda, Smolikas and Vasilitsa, Mount Olympus and in other high mountains), and locally in southern Italy (it is the symbol of the Pollino National Park), growing at altitude. It reaches the alpine tree line in these areas. It is an evergreen tree up to height, and trunk diameter.
It is a member of the hard pine group, ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', with leaves ('needles') in fascicles (bundles) of two, with a persistent sheath. They are long and thick. Cones are long, with thin, fragile scales; they are dark blue-purple before maturation, turning brown when ripe about 16–18 months after pollination. The long seeds have a wing and are wind-dispersed.
A notable specimen in the Pirin Mountains of Bulgaria, known as Baikushev's pine, is tall, in diameter, and is estimated to be over 1300 years old.
==Nomenclature==
The species was first described as ''Pinus heldreichii'' by the Swiss botanist K. Hermann Christ in honor of Theodor von Heldreich in 1863 from specimens collected on Mount Olympus, and then described a second time as ''P. leucodermis'' in 1864; the author of the second description (the Austrian botanist F. Antoine who found it on Orjen above the Bay of Kotor) being unaware of the slightly earlier publication by Christ. Some minor morphological differences have been claimed between the two descriptions (leading to the maintenance of both as separate taxa by a few botanists), but this is not supported by modern studies of the species, which show that both names refer to the same taxon. The discrepancies in the descriptions are largely due to Christ's cone specimens being immature and shrunken after drying, having been collected in July, four months before maturity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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